Midwinter update January 22nd

Winter's brief appearance and disappearance,  rabbits arrive, raising beds (or not), aerating compost with a metal corkscrew, root veg for winter abundance,  more on potting composts and peat alternatives,  whether to sow now or wait a little longer, midwinter growth of salads undercover and outdoors, pruning chilli plants to keep them growing next year.

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Winter arrives (and goes again)

Until January 13th this winter’s warmth saw temperatures an unreal 5C above average here, since late November, bringing things on a bit fast; so I was grateful that we had -7C here on 20th. Plants will benefit: blackcurrants for example need cold to initiate fruiting, and slugs risk being rampant in spring if we have no more frosts below about -6C.

Cool conditions are better for storing root vegetables: currently they are sprouting in their boxes, except for celeriac which keeps so well. Also I am impressed with Charlotte potatoes, still firm and with few sprouts, simply in paper sacks in the shed, from a July harvest.

I brought these root veg out of the shed on January 12th: swede and beets are the most sprouting. Sarpo potatoes in the middle. Organic veg store well!

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Apple mint in a pot in front of a south facing wall, ideal spot for winter mint but I never saw this before in mid January

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Spinach Medania was sown 8.8, planted 30.8 and has been picked since October, so abundant and the leaves are currently extra sweet. It should crop until June.

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Pests

As winter progresses, wild animals and birds grow hungrier. Homemakers has rabbits, which mostly eat my grass and clover in summer, but recently they have been tucking into endive, parsley, some spinach and mustards. I have not yet covered my main spinach bed with fleece and am happy to let them clear up some other odds and ends.

Against pigeons. netting needs to be on a frame that holds it above plants, otherwise the birds sit on it gratefully and peck through. On the other hand mesh can be draped on top of plants.

Steph fortunately has no rabbits in her front garden where these chicories grew, from a late planting in September

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Typical rabbit holes close to a food source which is (was) scarole endive, I removed the plants and composted the bed

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Rabbits are also eating some mustards and spinach but they prefer endive, chicory and parsley; at least they leave some manure

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Raising beds

How raised is a raised bed?Mine are mostly without sides and are about 3in (7cm) higher than the paths on either side. Some are a little more raised, because when creating them I put 2-4in soil down as the first ingredient at the bottom, when making the bed. Soil holds its shape, compared to compost which shrinks to very small volume over time.

In the middle of Homeacres is a damp area where moisture sits longer and I am raising two beds there by scraping 2-3in compost off the top and into a large barrow, then barrowing 3in soil onto the exposed area, then replacing the compost. I was prompted to this by an unexpected gift of topsoil from a neighbour who was dismantling some raised beds.So now in wet weather, these beds will be better drained. But in most of the garden I am happy with flatter beds.

Rabbits are also eating some mustards and spinach but they prefer endive, chicory and parsley; at least they leave some manure

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After raising the other middle bed, I worked around the purple sprouting so its stems were buried, now I need to net against pigeons

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These beds of November-sown garlic and broad beans have 2in soil under the compost. The garlic is forward for January, so far so good.

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Compost aeration

I just spent £20 on a compost aerator! Its simply a long metal pole, stainless steel, with a corkscrew at the bottom. A neat idea with nothing to break, and its effective, but expensive for what it is. I urge any engineer reading this to consider making and marketing a similar device.The idea is you screw it down to the bottom of a heap, then pull (needs muscle!) to bring the less aerated compost at bottom to the surface. It takes 5 minutes of so to work through a 4x4ft heap, and is less thorough than turning, but simpler and less messy.The bed of salad below was filled with compost last May and has cropped continuously since then, we filmed making it for the online course.

My current heap, starting aeration using the screw aerator

Using it to lift compost from the bottom. Rat was unhappy.

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Homemade compost from a heap I made in May, spread 1-2in after harvesting celeriac, beetroot

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Bed filled with compost last May, straight on the grass & weeds, winter salad is 2nd & 3rd crop

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Root veg

Ulloco is another new veg to try, see incredible vegetables for information and to buy some if interested, they sell oca too. I am having a go at ulloco but am not growing mashua again, despite its tasty leaves, because the tubers are really not delicious. My favourite so far of the unusual veg is yacon and its storing well.In terms of yield, its hard to beat old favourites such as beetroot - a January harvest here gave 36kg from 7 square metres, and that was a second crop after garlic. I never weeded it except to tweak the odd one in passing, so easy. Why dig?

Carrots Rodelika harvested December and yacon harvested November are storing well in boxes in the shed

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Beetroot Jannis and Nova were sown in June, planted July after garlic, here at harvest Jan. 11th.

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After harvesting and washing the beetroots and the multisown modules gave lovely even sized roots

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Peat in compost for plant raising

A subscriber asked why some of the composts I recommend contain peat, and the reason is because I want readers to succeed with their plant raising and not have their crops spoiled by poor growth. There are still many nutrient-deficient or imbalanced composts on sale, based on green waste of different kinds. For example I lost plants last year to an Arthur Bowers peat-free multipurpose. Its high content of carbon (from wood waste) caused high levels of chloride which then sucked out the nitrogen before plant roots could access it. See Which? Gardening Jan/Feb 2016.In 2013 I had a phone call from a despairing nurseryman who had been advised to use green waste compost for his five acres of primula plants in pots because they were all going yellow, and liquid feeds were not helping. He had been wrongly advised about the compost he was using. Three years on, the current Melcourt non-peat mix is a best buy (used by Nat Trust), though not widely available.The West Riding compost I use is now half green waste, and half peat which has been sieved out of reservoirs by Yorkshire Water. The peat is a waste product and West Riding compost add mysterious goodies to create a product which has grown great plants for many years. It is Soil Association standard too.Not everyone can buy it because the retail sack price is high, although a pallet of 60 sacks costs around £6/sack for 40 litres.

Same lettuces in different composts and bottom left is green waste with woody bits, not a potting compost thank goodness

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Ten weeks from planting the lettuce and some nitrogen is becoming available to the lettuce bottom left. Top right is homemade compost.

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Sowings, and be ready with tomato seed in a month

Continue to wait before sowing the first seeds, until mid February. My first sowings will be lettuce, spinach, onion and spring onion, cabbage, cauliflower and calabrese - all undercover and for planting late March to early April. In northern Britain you could sow all these a little later in early March.Choosing which tomato varieties can be confusing when there are so many. Nicky Kyle in Ireland has compiled a useful report and I plan to try a couple I don’t know. Sadly Rosada is not currently available and I am hoping my side-shoots survive, although they were frosted in November in the greenhouse.

Tomato plants from side-shoots in October, perennial (?) basil in front, all in the conservatory, I want them to grow slowly for now

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Beds are ready for sowing but the weather is not, its too early and you get much better results by sowing outdoors in March, with fleece over

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Salads undercover

Growth has been good and we just picked over all plants in the greenhouse and polytunnel, giving a harvest of 12kg. This included a few of Steph’s outdoor chicory hearts and its the most I ever packed at this time of year. Growth is slower now in the less mild weather but soon there will be longer days to encourage plants again.

January 11th, before making a fourth pick of these plants

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Three hours later after careful picking of almost all plants’ outer leaves, and tidying too

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Three hours later after careful picking of almost all plants’ outer leaves, and tidying too

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This was the harvest, from the greenhouse too, a little outdoors & Steph’s chicories

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Chillies go perennial

If your chilli plants are still alive, you can make a final harvest (leaving fruits somewhere dry for later use) and then prune plants as in my photos. Simply keep them frost free and with slightly moist compost. In May I bring them from the indoor windowsill to my polytunnel, and the three year old Jalapeño is now pretty large.

Chilli plants early January before a substantial final pick and prune: Jalapeño, Lemon Drop and Bishops Hat

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After picking and pruning, 3yr old Jalapeño on left and 2yr old Bishops Hat on right, they are now in the frost-free conservatory

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No dig logoIn my newsletter I have been sending some logo ideas and here are two from Sarah Davenport in Brighton. Many folk have pointed out that "Less weeds" is not good grammar! however it has a nice ring.Common advice is to keep a logo simple: one colour and with few words, so this breaks a few rules. I am happy to hear any feedback.